Sustainable Water Purification Techniques: A Review Of Solar-Based Desalination Methods

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70937/faet.v1i01.11

Keywords:

Solar Desalination, Sustainable Water Purification, Renewable Energy, Solar Stills, Multi-Effect Distillation

Abstract

 

Global water scarcity continues to pose a critical challenge, driving the need for sustainable water purification solutions. Solar desalination has emerged as a promising approach due to its reliance on renewable solar energy and minimal environmental impact. This study systematically reviews and synthesizes findings from a comprehensive set of 100 peer-reviewed articles to evaluate advancements in solar desalination technologies, including solar stills, photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis (PV-RO) systems, hybrid solar desalination, and the application of nanotechnology. The review highlights significant progress in improving the efficiency, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of these systems, particularly through innovations such as multi-stage designs, advanced membrane materials, energy recovery devices, and the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) for thermal storage. Additionally, the incorporation of nanomaterials has proven effective in enhancing thermal conductivity and reducing fouling, thereby optimizing water output and system longevity. Findings also reveal the substantial environmental benefits of solar desalination, which can reduce the carbon footprint of water production by up to 70%, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to clean water access and climate action. However, challenges remain, particularly concerning the initial capital costs and the need for further technological advancements to achieve widespread adoption. This review underscores the critical role of continued research, innovation, and supportive policies in scaling solar desalination technologies as a sustainable solution to global water scarcity.

Author Biographies

Md Rashedul Islam, Master of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Texas, USA

 

 

Abdullah-Al Abid, Master of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Texas, USA

 

 

Md Mazharul Islam, Graduate researcher, Civil Engineering, University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC, USA

 

 

MD Mahamudul Hasan, Graduate researcher, Industrial Engineering, Lamar University, Texas, USA

 

 

 

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Published

2024-12-03

How to Cite

Islam, M. R., Abid, A.-A., Islam, M. M., & Hasan, M. M. (2024). Sustainable Water Purification Techniques: A Review Of Solar-Based Desalination Methods. Frontiers in Applied Engineering and Technology, 1(01), 59–83. https://doi.org/10.70937/faet.v1i01.11