Post-Earthquake Soil Chemical Analysis: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Pathways for Sustainable Recovery

Abstract

Post-earthquake soil chemical analysis is critical for understanding environmental and agricultural impacts as well as public health concerns. Earthquakes often disrupt soil structures, leading to changes in pH levels, nutrient content, and the release of contaminants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. These chemical alterations have far-reaching consequences for soil fertility, vegetation growth, and water quality. This study provides a comprehensive review of the changes in soil chemical properties caused by seismic events and highlights their implications for sustainable recovery and environmental resilience. Key mechanisms such as liquefaction, erosion, and industrial contamination are discussed, along with the effects on soil's physical and chemical stability. The paper identifies key challenges in post-earthquake soil assessments, including spatial variability of soil conditions, complex contaminant interactions, and technical limitations in testing and monitoring equipment. The absence of baseline soil data in many seismic regions further hinders accurate assessment. The study emphasizes the need for improved soil monitoring networks, international cooperation, and advancements in analytical techniques. Future research priorities are proposed, including the development of standardized methods for soil chemical assessments, exploration of sustainable remediation technologies, and integration of emerging technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) to accelerate data collection. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary research involving soil science, environmental health, and civil engineering to foster holistic solutions for mitigating earthquake-induced soil changes and improving post-disaster recovery strategies.